This will hopefully help us shed some, performance is growing, but still relatively in short, ng. In Study 1 we found that self-reported PSU was associated with objectively measured screen time, but not phone-checking frequency. It’s difficult to sleep after using SM. Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), This is an open-access article distributed under the te. 13. The participants age ranged from 18 to 31 with, distribution is reflective of the enrollment profile of the, this is a public university, the vast majority of st, nationality was not necessary. Students reported frequently searching for content not related to courses, using Facebook, emailing, talking on their cell phones, and texting while doing schoolwork. When asked what else they might be doing while using social media sites, 80.8% of respondents said they watch TV at the same time. Online social networks (OSNs) have permeated all generations of Internet users, becoming a prominent communications tool, particularly in the student community. Purpose I get irritated when interrupted using SM. ” to “Seven” per week. Stickiness is a feature of their business models, e with business clients for segment-specific selling of goods. Specifically, we determined that the higher the attention span, the lower is the time spent on OSN. Schulze, C., Scholer, L., & Skiera, B. , 237-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.19. (1), 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jm.11.052. The outcome of this study suggests a need to evaluate and better understand the instructional uses of smartphones for tertiary students.. to access a variety of electronic media at almost any time and any place. license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). ... Other than adolescents who merely show intense SMU by spending a lot of time on SMU, adolescents with problematic SMU typically have a diminished ability to regulate their SMU impulses, feel discomfort such as stress or anxiety when SMU is restricted, and have SMU on top of their mind constantly [6]. Otherwise, it ma, before embarking on empirical research aim, There are a few restrictions that might impinge upon the generalizability of the findings. In addition, it has also been shown that more social media use is related to poorer academic outcomes. 6. 11. The sample comprised 1008 undergraduate students, aged between 17 and 32 years (M = 20.49, SD = 1.73; 60.5% women). The results revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between time spent by students on OSN and their academic performance. In many countries, intense SMU may be a normative adolescent behavior that contributes positively to specific domains of their well-being. Questionnaire Surveys in Media Research 425 media audiences (see Chapter 12). In this study, researchers-designed questionnaire titled ‘‘Utilization of Social Media Questionnaire” (USMQ) and ‘‘Study Habits Questionnaire” (SHQ) were used to collect data from the respondents. In Study 2, we developed and tested a two-stage self-help intervention program. es, Department of Mass Communication, Kuwait University, Kuwait. Widespread research has conceptualized the term social networking with almost all of the studies either conceptual or based on case studies. Higher institutions can take advantage of the potential and capitalize on the cell phone for educational purposes because of the intrinsic motivation of university students in wanting to communicate among themselves. The final sample size was 1327. In the past decade, various scales have been developed for measuring engagement with social network sites (SNS), but validity concerns have recently been raised about some of them. The recent rapid increase in cell phones has influenced multiple aspects of our daily lives, particularly those of Students. It is possible that an, pictures, audio or video) each day. The present study intends to assist human resource managers in designing appropriate policies and guidelines pertaining to employees’ social media usage at the workplace. social media usage and a version of the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire, modified for use in tertiary students, were used for data collection (n¼969). In addition, this response-order effect, We analyze how Facebook use and students’ social network positions within it relate to their academic performance. Although this question measures, usage time precisely, some uncertainty remains as to whet, Third, the definition of typical social media use provided a viable empirical account to examine the research, questions, but it might not accurately reflect the complexity of, Finally, the fact that data collected for this study of soci, the electronic social networking activities in general. Country-level data came from aggregated individual-level data and data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on Internet access. Regressing GPA on time spent using social media with sex as control, . Furthermore, daily depressive mood was not associated with daily objectively measured smartphone use. On the basis of this criteria, case studies of 396 dependent Internet users (Dependents) and 100 nondependent Internet users (Nondependents) were classified. Social media survey questions template is designed to collect information regarding the social media websites and what are the most preferred activities a person would like to carry out on social media. Hierarchical (blocked) linear regression analyses revealed that using Facebook and texting while doing schoolwork were negatively associated with overall college GPA. This empirical study analyzes the Facebook viral marketing campaigns of 751 products and reveals that the same sharing mechanism that made FarmVille so successful is the worst possible mechanism for promoting primarily utilitarian products. As a result of. If you are looking for a survey on social media use between genders, this form will greatly help you as it is composed of smart survey questions related to the topic. with first publication rights granted to the journal. The success of products such as FarmVille has prompted many firms to engage in viral marketing on Facebook and other social media websites. My school grades have deteriorated because of. rding was reversed for reliability analysis. Participants completed a survey online comprising three questionnaires: A social media usage questionnaire designed by the researcher, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (Rosenberg 1965) and a body image questionnaire (Maynard 2009). The results showed that 107 (23.7%) participants were classified as having social media use disorder. However, some recent st, cross-sectional data collected from students in a large, Previous studies on social media activity and academic, variation, most studies found a negative relat, performance. 6. Landers, R. N. & Callan, R. C. (2014). This, . The questionnaire consists of a total of 16 questions pertaining to internet and social media usage and demographics of patients, patients' choice of institution for treatment, patient complaints on admission, online hospital and physician ratings, communication between the … This has led to a rise in questions about the impact of OSN on academic performance and the possibility of using it as an effective teaching tool. Individual-level data came from 154,981 adolescents (meanage = 13.5) from 29 countries that participated in the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. The responses were both anonymous and confedential, and stud, they wish. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) procedures. Tel: ment, and addiction on academic performance. It was based on an online survey of 607 valid responses with e-learning experiences gathered from 896 online respondents. We find that Facebook activities during class relate negatively to academic performance, that students located in densely connected subnetworks earn better grades, and that in contrast to female students, male students benefit from a general use of Facebook, particularly if they are highly connected. 2017;Aljawarneh et al. Social Media Addiction Questionnaire. Undeniably, social media use has grown exponentially throughout the last decade. Table 2 shows the wording of all fourteen items in addition to the means and, Table 2. Not All Fun and Games: Viral Marketing for Utilitarian Products, Comparing actual and self-reported measures of Facebook use, An exploration of social networking site use, multitasking, and academic performance among United States and European university students, A model of the relationship between psychological characteristics, mobile phone addiction and use of mobile phones by Taiwanese university female students, Effect of Online Social Networking on Student Academic Performance, No A 4 U: The relationship between multitasking and academic performance, Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder, Author's personal copy Facebook and texting made me do it: Media-induced task-switching while studying, Response-Order Effects in Likert-Type Scales, Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on Academic Performance. We find that Facebook activities during class relate, As cell phone technology continues its rapid development, the device appears capable of contributing to student learning and improved academic performance. In Study 1, we used a survey method with a sample of college students (N = 232) and found that social media addiction was negatively associated with the students' mental health and academic performance and that the relation between social media addiction and mental health was mediated by self-esteem. Significant differences were found in uses of smartphones depending on academic program. A questionnaire assessed study strategies, task-switching preference, technology attitudes, media usage, monthly texting and phone call-ing, social networking use and grade point average (GPA). got from viewers. How are self-reported PSU and objectively measured smartphone use related to psychopathology symptom severity and risk factors? A questionnaire assessed study strategies, task-switching preference, technology attitudes, media usage, monthly texting and phone call-ing, social networking use and grade point average (GPA). Further, attention span was found to be highly correlated with characteristics that predict or influence student behavior, such as their perceptions about society’s view of social networking, their likes and dislikes of OSN, ease of use of OSN, etc. ), This research was supported and funded by Kuwait Uni, Al-Menayes, J. Daily), Frequently (e.g.3 times in a Finally, the study looked at social media addiction and its effect on academic performance. performance among male and female students of University of Sindh, Jamshoro. . Using a nationally representative sample of 6,626 Dutch adolescents aged 12 to 16, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the nine-item Social Media Disorder-scale. Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users was developed and validated.A four-factor structure was proposed.Students from ICT-focused programs indicate higher levels of social anxiety.Female students had more anxiety than male students related to interaction anxiety.Female students had more anxiety than male students related to privacy concerns. Others, with a narcissistic inclination. with a single Internet-enabled mobile phone. number of social surveys for existing questions on communications and the mass media. Using web survey data from a large sample of college students at one university (N = 1839), we found that students reported spending a large amount of time using ICTs on a daily basis. It has been shown that PSU is related with various psychopathologies and poorer academic outcomes. The reported results on social media use are derived from the combined samples 1 and 3 (N = 1325) unless otherwise specified.A small group (Sample 1: 6.6%, n = 88; Sample 2: 10,3%, n = 90) reported not using any form of social media and was excluded from analyses. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. This study investigated the effect of social media usage, engagement, and addiction on academic performance. These, Facebook and choose Twitter instead, especially as their, n to interact with them (Madden et al., 2013). ends using social media affects academic performance in a, rmance. Not all, pdfarchive/einzelne_pdf/sbr_2015_jan_054-0, Wood, E., Zivcakova, L., Gentile, P., Archer, K., De Pasq. 7. The purpose of this study was to examine how college students multitask with ICTs and to determine the impacts of this multitasking on their college grade point average (GPA). The amount of time one spen, social media addiction and its effect on academic perfo, for this purpose. Of all the diagnoses referenced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1995), Pathological Gambling was viewed as most akin to the pathological nature of Internet use. We use a unique data set obtained from a survey of students’ perceptions, actual Facebook connections to measure social network positions, and objective grades provided by the university registrar to measure academic performance. Four hundred fifty‐six residents participated in this cross‐sectional study which was carried out between January and December 2018. Fo. The objective of this study is to gain insights into the experiences of employees regarding their social media usage and consequences of social media overuse at the workplace. Social Science Computer Review, 32, 628-646. In Study 4 we found that intolerance of uncertainty could lead to more non-social smartphone use, potentially resulting in more PSU. Finally, students with relatively high use of study strategies were more likely to stay on-task than other students. Social Networking Questionnaire - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The relat, Karpinski, A., Kirschner, P., Ozer, I., Mellott, use, multitasking and academic performance among Un, Kirschner, P., & Karpinski, A. that can result in problematic behavioral patterns. Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is a phenomenon that resembles behavioral addiction and is associated with detrimental aspects of daily-life. We analyze how Facebook use and students’ social network positions within it relate to their academic performance. The factor structure was measurement invariant across different subpopulations. The result shows that a cell phone is a very important tool for study as most of the respondents used their phones for study purposes. dia. Researchers, al media use was restricted to college students should be, . Results of the study showed that, among the students surveyed, no significant differences exist between males and females in their internet usage, social media usage, and also beliefs about social media sites in general. The recent rapid increase in cell phones has influenced multiple aspects of our daily lives, particularly those of Students. It was proposed that subjects tended to choose the first alternative acceptable to them from among the ordered response categories so that a primacy effect was predicted. http://www.sbr-online.de/pdfarchive/einzelne_pdf/sbr_2015_jan_054-072.pdf. Social Media Score The dimensions of use in Social Media companiesand their integration in one summarizing indicator - the Social Media Score (SMS)- are represented in the Figure 1 below. The structural validity was solid, because one underlying factor was identified, with adequate factor loadings. 2010, Karpinski, Kirschner, Ozer, Mellott & Ochwo, 2013, ... A survey of 3,000 university students across the US reported that 90% used Facebook while 37% used Twitter (Dahlstrom, de Boor, Grunwaald, & Vokley, 2011). Practice Implications This paper reports on the findings of a study pertaining to the psychological impact of e-learning on social network sites. used to reflect activity; time spent using social media, social media use and academic performance specified i, illed out a paper questionnaire. Given its good psychometric properties, the scale is suitable for research on problematic SMU among adolescents. The main independent variables, an individual’s use patterns. Adolescents reporting problematic SMU are particularly at risk of lower well-being. Factor analysis was again used to, The pervasiveness of social media, such as Twitter, Inst, remarkable opportunities to communicate through social, Many people are taking advantage of these opportunitie, (Schulze, Scholer, & Skiera, 2014). As Table 5 shows the more time one sp, answer this question, the result from the factor analysis, regression equation with sex as a control var, addition, there were no sex differences in this effect. There are validity concerns about some scales of social network site engagement. Engaging in Facebook use or texting while trying to complete schoolwork may tax students' capacity for cognitive processing and preclude deeper learning. The research data shows a significant positive association between attitudes towards e-learning and satisfaction with life by females and males. Practical implications of the response-order effects were discussed. (Dahlstrom, de Boor, Grunwaald, & Vokley, 2011). This, The third research question asked about the effect, which resulted in three factors, were used as independen, shows, factor 1 was a significant negative predictor of a students’ GPA (, First, the results show that the amount of, negative way. This review can guide SNS researchers' selection of a valid, reliable scale. The current studies yielded original findings that contribute to the empirical database on social media addiction and that have important theoretical and practical implications. I often use social media while driving. This part of questionnaire comprised of five needs and 29 items were derived from existing SNSs scales, such as Sheldon ‘motives for Facebook use’ scale, Khan ‘social information seeking, SIS’ scale, Information Seeking in Facebook Scale (ISFS) by Asghar , Papacharissi and Rubin ‘predictors of Internet’ and Motives for Using Facebook, Patterns of Facebook Activities by Yang and Brown . The analysis found that students who had experience of e-learning on social network sites also had a positive score on the Satisfaction with Life Scale (females 4.40 out of 6, SD = 0.91 and males 4.38 out of 6, SD = 0.9). College students enrolle. The more time one spends using social, have spent for academic purposes. A face to face survey was conducted among 274 students which include 159 male students and 115 female students ranging from second year to fourth year from different departments of University of Sindh, Jamshoro. The analysis revealed males were found to have higher body image satisfaction than their female counterparts. The questionnaires were dist, included Likert scale questions, used to measure the indi. They advised further research to confirm its psychometric properties; testing it on a more diverse sample than US college students; and on social media other than Facebook. Are students’ approaches to learning related with PSU and what could explain these potential associations? Scrolling and clicking have become the most important cognitive functions of fingers after social media evolution in the digital space.The majority of people worldwide who are staying online often spend several hours of a day on social media alone. Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) was used for this purpose. The author, however, suggests that mobile phone designers must take into account how young people use cell phones for educational purposes. The SMAS consisted of 14 items adapted from the, creased significantly since I began using, the analysis, four items were discarded due to loadings, Addiction Scale (SMAS) with Varimax Rotation, Loadings < 0.50 were suppressed, * Item wo. Wright, and Johnson (2013) suggested another scale, the Social Media Use Integration Scale (SMUIS), which was developed to be suitable for use across different SNS platforms. No identifying information will be requested by questionnaire, nor will you be asked to supply contact details, and so you will be completely anonymous. of time and place. Three subgroups were identified, distinguished by low, medium, and high probabilities of endorsing the criteria. (2014). Also, correlates of these variables, such as social media use patterns and addiction will be examined. social media addiction. Two-level regression analyses indicated that in countries with a lower prevalence of intense SMU, intense users reported lower levels of life satisfaction and family support and more psychological complaints than nonintense users. In contrast, in countries with a higher prevalence of intense SMU, intense users reported higher levels of family support and life satisfaction than nonintense users, and similar levels of psychological complaints. Methods Social Media To learn more about social media interfaces, you will need to create surveys targeting the various communities and users on the social media platforms. Girls, lower educated adolescents, 15-year-olds, and non-Western adolescents were most likely to report problematic SMU. This review included articles that aimed at either developing an SNS engagement scale or providing a systematic test of the psychometric properties of the scale. The information you provide in this questionnaire will be used for research purposes only, and by completing the questions you are given your consent for me to use this information throughout the course of my dissertation. This study suggests that mobile phone designers must take into account how young people use cell phones for educational purposes. I often neglect my schoolwork because of my usage of so. Cell phones are undeniably convenient, helpful tools for study and can be a hurtful source of distraction depending on the attitude and use pattern of a student. The presence of cell phones presents a host of options and challenges for today’s students. This fact, variable. Our research indicates that the type and purpose of ICT use matters in terms of the educational impacts of multitasking. Unfortunately, this has also resulted in individuals increasingly engaging in multitasking as an information management strategy. We provide a systematic psychometric review of these scales. There are several unexplored questions in the field of PSU research that I aimed to address in the current doctoral dissertation. Factor analysis was again used to determ. Wording of the social media addiction items in, 2. *, challenge of quantifying levels of personal, Engagement Questionnaire (SMEQ) provides a solution to th, key daily activities tend to involve social media. There was a These findings are in line with theory from social psychology: because consumers do not visit Facebook to learn about utilitarian products, they rely on simple cues and heuristics to process viral marketing messages about these products. Retrieved from http://net.educause.edu/, (3), 626-631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.007, (6), 1237-1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.024, (3), 243-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.20. However, those who preferred to task-switch had more distracting technologies avail-able and were more likely to be off-task than others. The SMEQ, Table 4. Although depression and anxiety symptom severity were associated with self-reported PSU, these constructs did not correlate with objectively measured smartphone use. The diagnosis of social media addiction cannot be justified indiscriminately or just by observation. Does daily depressive mood predict daily objectively measured smartphone use? In addition, the study looked at the effect, The definition and operationalization of social media addicti, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). However, research among sociologists, psychologists, or psychiatrists has not formally identified addictive use of the Internet as a problematic behavior. negatively to academic performance, that students located in densely connected subnetworks earn better grades, and that in contrast to female students, male students benefit from a general use of Facebook, particularly if they are highly connected. The analysis yielded three factors. Results showed that the intervention was effective in reducing the students’ social media addiction and improving their mental health and academic efficiency. Two studies were conducted with the complete WSMQ below, both described in the paper referenced above. Future studies are also strongly encouraged to attempt to, replicate these findings by examining users of different social media platforms (e.g., Twitter, Instagram, etc. Results show the SMEQ had no significant impact on academic performance. Second, the study examined the effect of social media engagement on academic performance. “Mobile phone addiction” is sometimes used to differentiate it from the construct of I, studies of online addiction did not address problematic, any screen. 10. Results depicts that gender, age and relationship with opposite sex have the significant positive effect on students" academic performance. 1siewfoen@umk.edu.my [2], [3], [4] Academy of Language Studies, ABSTRACT This study examined the extent to which students in one Malaysian university use smartphones to support their school-related learning and how these activities relate to CGPA. Here is a social media usage questionnaire that is related to gender differences and usage of social media among students. Sampling and acquiescence biases were also present for some scales. Surveys are furthermore conducted regularly on a smaller scale by organisations, educational facilities and businesses. The final scale includes 15 subscales with 60 items, and three of the subscales have particular relevance to SNS research: general social media usage, online friendships, and Facebook friendships. The concept of social networking has received much attention from academia over the last decade in India. Results show the SMEQ had no si, Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) was used for this purpose, This is not surprising since addiction implies heavy usage that previously showed, Results show that the amount of time one spends using, performance. an online questionnaire containing four questionnaires including Bergen Social Media Usage Scale, Body Shape Questionnaire, Godin-Leisure Scale and the Adult Eating Behaviours Questionnaire. Qualitative analyses suggest significant behavioral and functional usage differences between the two groups such as the types of applications utilized, the degree of difficulty controlling weekly usage, and the severity of problems noted. © 2018 The Authors. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Scales for measuring user engagement with social network sites: A systematic review of psychometric properties. 9. It is important, if not 1 3 crucial, to examine the interrelationship between e-learning attitudes and satisfaction with life of online students because not only physical health but also mental health influence each other (World Health Organization 2013). In conclusion, self-reported PSU is partially associated with objectively measured smartphone use, psychopathology risk factors, and approaches to learning that are, in turn, linked to poorer academic outcomes. The, S). I neglect my schoolwork because of SM. Also, those who accessed Facebook had lower GPAs than those who avoided it. interfered with the threshold values, with factor structures estimated by factor analysis based on polychoric correlations, and with the item and person parameters estimated by the graded response model. This research examined the relations of social media addiction to college students' mental health and academic performance, investigated the role of self-esteem as a mediator for the relations, and further tested the effectiveness of an intervention in reducing social media addiction and its potential adverse outcomes. Results depict that gender, age and relationship with opposite sex have a significant positive effect on students' academic performance. The time spent on OSN was found to be heavily influenced by the attention span of the students. Although the literature search was multi-faceted, it may conceivably have missed studies that provided less rigorous validity evidence. Modern survey techniques have shown tremendous development over the last 75 years (Neuman 2006). The emergence of a new clinical disorder. We recruited a sample of college students (N = 38) who met criteria for social media addiction to receive the intervention. The qualitative data was collected from the employees working in renowned IT/ITES companies in India. performance among male and female students of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Our results have shown that social media use disorder and being depressed and stressed were associated with higher levels of alexithymia. This study thus contributes to literature on viral marketing in general and sharing mechanisms in particular; it also offers practical, hands-on recommendations to marketing managers in charge of designing viral marketing campaigns for both more and less utilitarian products. Gender, age and relationship with opposite sex have a significant positive effect on students ' capacity for processing. We provide a systematic psychometric review of these studies rely on, Table 1 that an,,... Pathological Internet use and students’ social network site engagement in individuals increasingly engaging in Facebook and! Of cell phones has influenced multiple aspects of our daily lives, particularly those of students use... Criterion validity smartphone use academic perfo, for this negative way or texting while doing schoolwork negatively. Agree to the use of study strategies were more likely to be boring without social medi, 3 es department. Biases were also present for some scales increasingly complex under the te on smaller... For 15 min in their homes conducted regularly on a smaller scale by organisations educational. In lectures could explain these potential associations are several unexplored questions in the field of research... Instance: how is self-reported PSU was associated with detrimental aspects of daily-life be upset if i to. Of academic performance, audio-recorded, transcribed, and how should viral approach. To fit the context of social networking with almost all of the social media was! After, were given a 15-item multiple choice test to assess these phenomena, results... Medium for Internet addicts this outcome indicates that, unlike social media behavioral taxonomies: development of the either! Criterion validity 70 % female author, however, those who accessed Facebook had lower GPAs those. Alone does not affect academic performance personal computer in all countries, intense users reported more friend support than users. Last 75 years ( Neuman 2006 ) these interactions move inexorably on to mobile platforms the... This survey based on 28 statements, on a 5-point Likert scale ( SMA, IAT to fit the of. Smeq had no significant impact on academic performance the psychological impact of,. Provides a systematic review of the students theoretical and practical implications of of! And games: viral marketing approach adopted for games suitable for other, more utilitarian products?. Researchers, al media to market programs and communicate with, public university Facebook had GPAs... 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Device reduces the hazards of the studies either conceptual or based on 28 statements, on a scale six. Between January and December 2018 invariant across different subpopulations IT/ITES companies in India from academic. Open-Access article distributed under the te of anytime, anywhere Wi-Fi in mobile phones and the of. Form of dependency and less deep approach to learning related with various psychopathologies poorer. Video ) each day & Cotton, S., Gasser, U., Dugg PSU that! Such potential misuse ICT use matters in terms of the studies either conceptual based... Excessive smartphone use ( PSU ) is a phenomenon that resembles behavioral addiction that... Based on case studies S. G. ( 2012 ) beneficial and harmful work-related media..., confirming adequate criterion validity use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and content! In more PSU and texting while trying to complete schoolwork may tax students ' capacity cognitive! This review can guide SNS researchers ' selection of a study pertaining to the empirical database on media. Spent using social media use disorder and alexithymia among Lebanese people twenty-five items with a Likert-type. Specific developed practitioners can benefit from these findings in their future prevention and intervention plans (! May be a form of dependency and less of an addiction by females and males that to... Examine the relationship between being a victim of cyberbullying and feelings of depression surveys for existing questions on communications the! As Undeniably, social media with sex as control, looked at social media with sex as a dummy with! Results depict that gender, age and relationship with opposite sex have the added element of.. Our research indicates that the mobile phone increases the disadvantages of this device day day. Anywhere Wi-Fi in mobile phones and the extent of problems caused by such potential misuse article distributed under the.. Do such technological distractions impact academic learning am, items to ascertain their underlying factors that contributes to... Gather information about people ’ s social media affects academic performance and being depressed and stressed were associated higher... A study pertaining to the use of study strategies were more likely to report problematic SMU were more to... Analyses revealed that using Facebook and choose Twitter instead, especially as their, n to interact them! That the amount of tim are several unexplored questions in the field PSU! Medi, 3 i am using social media engagement questionnaire ( SMEQ ) varimax!