In situ sowing: Germinated seeds are sown in situ in the pits. Sulphur dust can be mixed with talc in the proportion of 7:3. c. Propagation and dissemination of specific bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan diseases. Two rounds of spray using about 17 to 22 lit of fungicide oil mixture per ha per round (1:6 proportion) at 10 to 15 days interval (or) a single round of spray with about 30 - 37 lit of fungicide oil mixture per ha (1:5 proportion). Plant protection Wettable sulphur (1 kg in 4000 lit of water) is also effective in nurseries and for young plants as a spray. It occurs in most of the rubber growing countries. Budded stumps – 30 x 30 cm Refill the soil and drench the base with fungicide solution. The major symptoms of the disease in leaves are wilting and drooping and flaccidity; ribbing, paling/yellowing and necrosis of leaflets are typical symptoms of foliar diseases. Nursery: Bed size: 60-120 cm width and of convenient length. Growing of cover crops, incorporation of cover crops and weeding are important operations. aggravates the disease. Minimum and maximum temperature should be ranged from 25 to 34°C with 80 % relative humidity is ideal for cultivation. Spacing: Seedling stumps – 23 x 23 cm, 30 x 30 cm and 34 x 20 cm Open up the root system. Give balanced manuring to increase tree vigour. Avoid accumulation of rubber at the base of the trees. rubber, oil, gum, dyes, chemicals etc. The first application may be done after a drought period preferably after a few pre-monsoon showers and subsequent applications may be done in September and November. Clean up affected areas, by washing with Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. Wash the wound again with fungicide solution. Soil and climate At the start, it grows and surrounded by yellow discolorations. Secondary leaf fall Spray fish oil rosin-soap 25 g/lit. The increase in growth cracks on the trunk, severe summer followed by sudden wetting, imbalanced nutrition, excessive salinity, etc. Mean percent disease incidence of coconut from 2008 –2013 S. No District Number of villages surveyed Mean percent disease incidence from 2008 to 2013 Basal stem rot Stem bleeding Bud rot Grey leaf spot 1 East Godavari 57 13.82 3.49 1.93 Traces 2 West Godavari 15 11.42 4.94 2.12 Traces Crude oil is the primary raw material used in the production of synthetic rubber. Patch canker or Bark cankers Pink disease COMMON PESTS & DISEASES 5. Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops-: Course content creator :-Dr. V. B. Sanath Kumar Associate Professor & Programme co-ordinator KVK, VC Farm, Mandya e-mail: sana_path@rediffmail.com GROUP : E. Lecture 2.Diseases of Mango. Brown root disease If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Planting: Pit size of 1 m3 are dug and filled up with top soil and compost. Search for: diseases of wheat tnau. Bird's eye spot The fungus survives in nurseries, self-sown seedlings, and in immature leaves of the shaded canopy. Scrape out the fructifications. Foreign quarantine b. Economically Important Leaf Diseases of Rubber, No public clipboards found for this slide. Management: Drench the soil at the base of affected plants with chlorpyriphos 0.1% solution. However, continuous application of Ethrel is not recommended for periods of more than 3 years at a stretch. When mulch is present, spray the mulch also (Provisional recommendation). Season Diseases; Parasitic and non-parasitic maladies; Bee Keeping in rubber plantations; Diseases. months and rested for the next 4 months. Chemical methods : - Use of attractants - Use of repellants - … IARI Toppers Provides Agriculture Notes,ICAR E Course Notes,JRF Notes,IBPS AFO,E krishi Shiksha,TNAU Notes,ANGRAU Notes,Agriculture Jobs Update,JRF Mock Test,JRF Old Exam Paper for agronomy horticulture,plant science,agriculture statistics,soil science,social science,icar ecourse pdf download,best agriculture books etc Rubber yield steeply increases year by year, reaching a peak after 14 years of planting. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Diseases of Field Crops and Their Management Author TNAU, Tamil Nadu . Dry rot, Stump rot, Collar rot or Charcoal rot The fungus, Thielaviopsis paradoxa is the causal agent of the disease. Termite (White ant) When the fungicide dries up, a thin coating with a wound dressing compound may be given. You can change your ad preferences anytime. There are two types of rubber, natural rubber from rubber trees and synthetic rubber made by using petrochemicals. It makes the leaves turn yellow and die. Terms like IPM (Integrated Pest Management and IDM (Integrated Disease Management) have different meanings. Xanthomonas leaf spot is caused due to a bacteria named Xanthomonascampestris. Stump budding – 60 x 60 cm 1. Abnormal leaf fall The progress of the disease was faster during July to November. There has been a … The most serious diseases of rubber are root diseases which are caused by fungi that attack and eventually kill the roots. When it dries up apply a wound dressing compound. Manuring Working out cost of cultivation and economics. 2) Horticulture - Deals with the production of fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, spices, condiments and beverages. the rubber trees … A fungal disease declared as a quarantine pest •Sclerotium collar rot(Sclerotium rolfsii) Nursery disease spread due to mal practices •Foot Canker & Sudden wilt (Nattrassia mangiferae) Secondary infection on cracks resulted due to heat injury Scale insect Drench the soil at the base of affected plants with Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2 ml/litre. Mealy bug Apply 12 kg of compost or FYM and 120 g of rock phosphate in each pit before planting. Repeated sprayings with Bordeaux mixture 1% or Mancozeb or Copper oxychloride 0.2%. Tropical climate with annual rainfall of 2000 – 4500 mm is suited for cultivation. Cockchafer grub Oil Palm 225 ix. Leaf spot These trees widely found in the Amazon and bring profit to many indigenous tribes. The stem with brown bark is affected anywhere from the base to branches. In man's continued effort to enhance food production, new high yielding crop varieties and new techniques for crop and field management are being constantly evolved resulting in a parallel increase in disease occurrence which calls for their efficient management. When the fungicide dries up apply wound dressing compound. Tjir 1, PB 86, BD 5, BD 10, PR 17, GT 1, RRII 105, RRIM 600, PB 28/59, PB 217, PB 235, RRIM 703, RRII 5, PCK-1, 2 and PB 260. A manual on the most important pests and diseases of the major food crops grown by smallholder farmers in Africa. Urea @550 kg /ha -3 to 3.5 months. Cuttings should be obtained from virus – free indexed stocks. Reduce tapping intensity or give a tapping rest for 3 to 12 months. Lecture 3.Diseases of Banana. the others removed. Pink disease is the most serious stem disease of affecting mainly the young rubber trees. Lecture 1.Diseases of Citrus. Lecture 6.Diseases of Guava . Infected plants first develop a dull green color, eventually wilt and turn straw-color. Spray 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.2% Mancozeb, or 0.1% Carbendazim at fortnightly intervals. Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopagonium muconoides, Centrosema pubescens and Desmodium evalifolium are common cover crops. Young plants dry up due to attack. Oil based Copper oxy chloride using low volume sprayer or through aerial application. "Vast swathes of rubber trees have already been lost to the Fusicoccum pathogen, and more losses are due until a concrete solution is found to combat this dilapidating disease," Muruganathan wrote. (half spiral, alternate day for 6 months and rested for 3 months), (half spiral, daily for one month and rested for next Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Syndrome characterized by prolonged dripping of latex with the gradual decline in volume yield, pre coagulation of latex and partial or complete drying of tapping area (10-25 per cent). Matured rubber trees under tapping Coconut 212 vii. Causative agent: Phytophthora meadii McRae. Dr. Andre Oliveira, Head of Crop Protection Development APAC Syngenta said that “Syngenta would be delighted to furthering their research work in association with the TNAU considering the expertise & pragmatic approach, on sustainable crop solutions through innovative labor saving formulation technologies & good agricultural practices to deliver value for farmers in India. Add 10 kg commercial Magnesium sulphate for every 100 kg of the above mixture if there is magnesium deficiency. The sap flows from the trees once a piece of the bark is removed. Wash the wound again with fungicide solution. The trees can be tapped for their latex sap once they have reach six years of age. Healthy ones are retained and Diseases & Pests of the Rubber Tree Southern Blight. Mealy bug stripes appear in plants because of their Abnormal leaf fall. Provide shade in nursery. Drench soil at the base of plants in the affected area with the solution of Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2 ml/litre. Prophylactic spraying on the foliage prior to the onset of South-West monsoon with, Bordeaux mixture 1% at 4000 - 5000 lit/ha using high volume sprayers. Freshly planted rubber trees remain healthy until their roots come into contact with pieces of diseased root. Symptoms often appear on one section of the plant. When severe infestation is noticed, spray Organophosphorus insecticides like malathion 50 EC 2 ml/lit. Dusting during the defoliation period commencing from the bud break in about 10% of the trees, giving 3 to 5 rounds at weekly to fortnightly intervals before 10.00 a.m. using 11 to 14 kg 325 mesh fine Sulphur dust per round per ha. Horticulture :: Plantation Crops :: Rubber, Arasu Rubber Corporation Ltd, Government of Tamil Nadu. Crown gall is a bacterial infection affecting the roots and stems of rubber trees, caused by a bacteria... Xanthomonas Leaf Spot. Symptoms: Termites feeds on the dead bark of trees and young plants and build covered passageways of soil on the tapping panel and collection cup. The symptoms appear as loss of shiny appearance of leaves drooping, yellowing and buckling (curving) of leaflets and … Caused by the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, southern blight is an easily preventable moisture-related... Crown Gall. Spray Sulphur 50 WP at 2 g/lit or spray Dicofol 18.5 EC 2.5 ml/lit. Brown root disease It is the major root disease of rubber in India. Crop: Rubber, Scientific Name: Hevea brasiliensis, Family: Euphorbiaceae. June – July is optimum for cultivation. The affected region may be scraped to remove all the rooting bark and the coagulated rubber and the wound washed well with Dithane M 45 @ 0.75 %. It is most pronounced during the refoliation period (February-March). Method of propagation Causative agent: Oidium heveae Powdery mildew is the most widespread cause of the diseased condition of rubber known as secondary leaf fall (SLF). heart-disease, LDL oxidation, immune-system, diabetes, cancer Fiber most fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts, cooked dry beans and peas diabetes, heart disease Folate ... of other industries e.g. Diseases Root rot:Soil drenching with Copper oxychloride 2.5 g/lit or Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole @ 0.75 g/litre or Difenoconazole @ 0.5ml/l Leaf spot: Foliar application of Mancozeb @ 2.5g/l or Azoxystrobin @ 1g/l Chrysanthemum mosaic disease 1. Rubber trees are large trees that have a milky white sap that is known as latex. For immature rubber trees at pre-tapping stage Genetic methods : - Use of sterile male technique 6. Scrape out the fructifications. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Clean up affected areas, by washing with Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. Yield RUBBER When it dries up apply a wound dressing compound. starting right at the grafting point situated in the transition zone between the trunk and the roots, the collar. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. For matured rubber trees under tapping apply NPK 10:10:10 grade mixtures at the rate of 900 g/tree (300 kg/ha) every year in two split doses. Crop Pests and Diseases. 2. 5. Euphorbiaceae, Varieties Apply 10:10:4:1.5 NPK andMg as per schedule given below: Apply 400 kg of mixture/ha in 2 doses, once in April/May and another in September/October from the 5th year till the tree is ready for tapping. Mites Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell-Arg.) Lecture 5.Diseases of Pomegranate and Papaya. and also raw materials for … Manuring Domestic quarantine 7. When it affects the rubber tree, you can see small oozing spots appearing around the leaves. Aftercultivation Control Ethrel treatment Seedling Nursery: Symptoms of brown root rot disease are similar to those caused by many root rot pathogens: In South India, the annual yield of rubber is 375 kg/ha from seedlings trees, whereas budded plants yield 800 - 1000 kg/ha. Completely killed and dried roots may be traced and pruned. It is applied at 5% a.i. It is expressed by a deterioration of the cortical tissues on the level of which are located in the conducting latex tissues. Brown root disease Open up the root system. Their greatest impact is associated with the disease mealy bug wilt of pineapple (MW) (Rohrbach et al., 1988). dianthi) Vascular wilt is the most troublesome disease of carnation. Palmyrah 228 Diseases It requires deep and lateritic fertile soil with an acidic pH of 4.5 to 6.0 and highly deficient in available phosphorous. 1.5 – 2 months after planting –10:10:4:1.5 NPKMg mixture -2500 kg/ha. Partially affected and healthy roots washed withfungicide Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. Manuring: Basal -2.5 t/ha of FYM and 350kg/ha of Rock Phosphate. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Book Detail: Language: English Pages: 172 Author: TNAU Price: Free . Avoid accumulation of rubber at the base of the trees. Bud wood nursery – 60 x 90 cm or 60 x 120 cm. They may infest developing plants and fruit, thereby becoming serious pests to the crop, reducing fruit quality and quantity by infuencing plant development (Carter, 1933). raw material for fruit and vegetable-processing plants, hence becomes a solution to 3) Forestry – Deals with production of large scale cultivation of perennial trees for supplying wood, timber, rubber, etc. Arecanut 223 viii.