Detailed Description. The intensity of social media use as a general source of information has been measured by adapting the scale of Llodrà-Riera et al. In the present study, the word “Facebook” was replaced by “online social networking” for assessing extent of emotional connection. Definition of Social Media Intensity: The extent to which a person is actively engaged in social networking activities. Information on scoring and administering the FBI can be found at the link below. Duration of social networking use, number of days per week on average using social networking, amount of time per day on average spent on social networking, and number of social networking friends were all positively correlated with the SFUI (Spearman r = 0.26 to 0.38, all p<0.001), EFUI (Spearman r = 0.27 to 0.30, all p<0.001), and SNAIS (Spearman r = 0.30 to 0.40, all p<0.001) (Table 5). No, Is the Subject Area "Facebook" applicable to this article? The Facebook Intensity Scale has seen prolific use since its development; however, it has been criticized by some scholars. Authors developing measuring minutes spent using the site and scales of social media use have focused mainly number of Facebook friends, although at lower on behavioral frequency of use (e.g., Ross et al., levels than correlations with the Facebook Use 2009), used inadequate measures such as single Intensity scale scores. Multi-stage cluster sampling may be a better study design, and may require a larger sample size; future studies should use this design. The Facebook Intensity Scale is a tool used to measure Facebook usage, frequency, and duration. In this study, an exploratory factor analysis of this scale showed a one-factor solution that explained 51.2% of the total variance, with high factor loadings ranging from 0.64 to 0.77. Yes However, there are few validated instruments to measure social networking use intensity. Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Internal reliability based on the entire sample was acceptable for the SNAIS (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90, 0.60, and 0.89 for the SFUI, EFUI, and SNAIS, respectively). Products. In order to maximally ensure confidentiality and protect participants from personal information disclosure, the survey applied anonymous approach, and the data analyzed anonymously. Despite the ubiquity of social media use and growth of research in the area, few studies have examined the relationship between various types of social media use, sense of belonging and psychological wellbeing, while controlling potentially influential variables. To gauge the impact of online social networking use among adolescents, it is warranted to develop validated instruments to assess online social networking use intensity (SNUI). It assessed social networking use intensity for specific functions, in which two constructs (social function and entertainment) emerged. broad scope, and wide readership – a perfect fit for your research every time. Ellison, N.B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (in press). Based on their comments, we removed the item response category of ‘occasional’, and thus a 5-point scale was used. We examined its psychometric properties including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. [25] Two junior middle schools, one from rural and one from urban areas, were conveniently selected to join the study, with all grade 7–9 classes of the rural school and all grade 7–8 classes of the urban school being invited to participate in the study. PLoS ONE 11(10): First, the majority of them assessed online social networking use by simple or single-item measures (e.g. The psychometrics of the SNAIS were estimated using appropriate statistical methods. [33] Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, while test-retest reliability was evaluated by Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Book; Search. The following goodness of fit statistics and cutoff criteria were used to evaluate the factor structure model in the CFA: [34–36] χ2/df ratio<5.00, both Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) and Comparative Fit Index (CFI) >0.95, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) <0.08. In order to further refine the existing items and response scale, individual interviews were conducted among 20 students. On the days they reported using social networking, 49.7% spent on average more than 30 minutes per day for social networking. One of the most prominent measures being used in research is the Facebook Intensity Scale developed by Ellison Steinfield and Lampe (2007). New scale has been developed to measure the time use on the SNSs.The scale has good psychometric properties.The scale is very simple to use and administer. Location Taken: US In the present study, SNUI is defined as self-reported frequency of using multiple types of online social networking activities through multiple types of platforms in the last month. Online social networking use has been integrated into adolescents’ daily life and the intensity of online social networking use may have important consequences on adolescents’ well-being. Pearson correlation coefficients between the items and the Overall scale, between the items and their corresponding subscales, and between the items and the other subscales of the SNAIS were calculated for the item analysis. using social media is related to increased depression. Firstly, the EFUI subscale gave acceptable but relatively low internal (α = 0.60) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.67), as compared to that of the SFUI subscale. It has acceptable psychometric properties and is easy to be self-administered by junior middle school students. Coronavirus has uncovered the intensity of social networks. To gauge test-retest reliability, 114 students from the school in the urban area completed the same questionnaire after two weeks. It is encouraging that the two identified factors of the SNAIS were positively correlated with traditional measures related to social networking characteristics (i.e. It is warranted to develop a more comprehensive tool to assess intensity of online social networking use, considering various types of online social networking activities, functions and platforms. No, Is the Subject Area "Emotions" applicable to this article? All correlation coefficients between individual items and their respective subscale were higher than those between the same items and the other subscale (Table 3). The results being that the correlations between items and their hypothesized subscales were high but those between items and other subscales were weak indicated good content validity for social function and entertainment function assessment related to social networking use. Similarly, the word “Facebook” was replaced by “online social networking” in the current study, and a translation and back-translation process was used. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 1143-1168. The study and corresponding consent procedure was approved by the Survey and Behavioral Research Ethics Committee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. In sum, the study developed and evaluated an instrument for assessing extensive functions of social networking use intensity. Result and discussion. All factor loadings exceeded 0.50 (Table 2), indicating that all items should be included in the confirmatory factor analysis. The growing importance of social media and research interest in the field makes it imperative to consider the measures used to assess social networking site (SNS) use. Despite its prolific use, the scale has been criticized by, among Study Shows that Intensity of Facebook Use Can Be Predicted by Reward-related Activity in the Brain Neuroscientists at Freie Universität Berlin show a link between reward activity in the brain due to discovering one has a good reputation and social media use № 243/2013 from Aug 28, 2013. Yes This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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